In the treatment of diseases, due to the characteristics of PARP1 in various DNA repair pathways and maintains the characteristics of genomic stability, it is expected to use small molecules inhibiting the enzyme activity to prevent unwanted DNA repair in the treatment of various cancers, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Understanding the role of PARP1 in maintaining genomic integrity is important not only for the design of novel chemotherapeutic agents but also for understanding the mechanisms of chemical resistance in cancer cells.

PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), also named CD279, is an inhibitory receptor expressed by all T cells during activation to control the body's immune response and is one of the most important immunity checkpoints. PD-1 inhibits T cell inflammatory activity and promotes self-tolerance, thereby regulating the immune system's response to human cells. Thus, PD-1 modulates T cell effector functions in a variety of physiological responses, including acute and chronic infections, cancer and autoimmunity, and immune homeostasis.

mTOR (mammalian rapamycin target protein) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-associated kinase family and is a key component of two different protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which phosphorylate different substrate groups to regulate different cellular processes. mTOR1 can sense and integrate a variety of nutritional and environmental factors, including growth factors, energy levels, cellular stress, and amino acids.

HDAC1 forms a complex with BRG1, RB1 and negatively regulates CREST-mediated resting neuronal transcription. After calcium stimulation, HDAC1 is released from the complex, recruiting CREBBP and promoting transcriptional activation. Recent studies have shown that HDAC1 is a molecular switch between neuronal survival and death. Its interaction with HDRP promotes neuronal survival, while interaction with HDAC3 leads to neuronal death. And the germline deletion of HDAC1 can lead to mouse embryonic lethality before embryonic period 10.5.

JAK2 is a member of the Janus kinase (JAKs), which includes JAK1-3 and TYK2. The JAK2 gene is located on the chromosome at 9p24.1. JAKs are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that play important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, immune system, and cellular metabolism. Binding of cytokines to the extracellular region of their cognate receptor induces receptor dimerization and promotes trans-phosphorylation (activation) of the associated JAK.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), also known as CD333, is a tyrosine kinase receptor located on the cell membrane and belongs to the FGFR family. The FGFR3 gene is located on human chromosome 4 at p16.3 and contains 19 exons, expressing several slightly different isoforms. FGFR3 protein structure comprises an extracellular structure with 2 or 3 immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. When the extracellular portion binds with FGF, FGFR3 dimerizes and autophosphorylates and then triggers a downstream signaling cascade that ultimately affects cell growth, migration, angiogenesis, and differentiation.

FGFR2, also named CD332, is a transmembrane protein and belongs to the fibroblast growth factor receptors family (FGFR family), which are mitogenic signaling molecules that have roles in important processes such as cell division, regulation of cell growth and mutation, the formation of blood vessels, wound healing, and embryonic development. FGFR2 is a transmembrane catalytic receptor with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, similar to FGFRs. The FGFR2 gene is located on human chromosome 10 and expresses two slightly different subtypes: FGFR2IIIb, which is mainly expressed in epithelial cells, and FGFR2IIIc, which is mainly expressed in mesenchymal cells.

FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1), also known as fms-related tyrosine kinase-2/Pfeiffer syndrome, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family. FGFR family is cell surface membrane receptor that possesses tyrosine kinase activity. When combined with appropriate FGF, FGFR1 elicits cellular responses such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation by activating a series of intracellular signaling pathways including Ras subfamily/ERK, PKC, phospholipase C/PI3K/AKT, Ip3-induced raising of cytosolic Ca2+, Ca2+/calmodulin-activated elements and pathways.

Creative Biogene has been developed a wide variety of different Real Time PCR and Conventional PCR Diagnostic Kits for the research use, including human diseases, animal diseases and zoonotic diseases PCR Diagnostic Kits. Based on PCR technique, these kits offer a quick, sensitive and accurate detection. These PCR Diagnostic Kits shows a high coincidence with traditional methods, but with analysis in a few hours rather than days.

Host Cell Proteins (HCPs) are proteins produced or encoded by the host organisms that are used to produce biological products. Biological products, especially therapeutic proteins, are usually produced by genetically-modified prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. During the biological products production, host cells also coproduce proteins related to the normal cell functions such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, gene transcription, protein synthesis etc.

Analytical testing service is a deep analysis of samples through biological, chemical and physical method or with high-tech instruments. Utilizing analytical testing, it is accurate and rapid to find the trace contamination of products, including microbes, virus, adventitious cell and reagents. Contamination is considered as the main problem in manufacturing process of biological and clinic products.

The virus bank, which consists of master viral bank and working viral bank, is an important part of manufacturing a biological product, such as vaccine, recombinant protein. A master viral bank is the base of reproducible testing and production of recombinant virus for products, while working viral bank is a tool to amplify and produce the products. To ensure the characterization of virus bank is a quality assurance of subsequent process.

Biosafety testing is a series of assays to evaluate the potential biological risks of new biological products, including viral testing, microbial testing, cell and molecular testing, and analytic testing. Health authorities such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require all biopharmaceutical products and vaccines to undergo stringent testing to ensure the product is safe and free of contaminants.

Next generation sequencing (NGS), a massively parallel or deep sequencing technique, has revolutionized genomic research. Compare with the first generation sequencing, the next generation sequencing is characterized by high accuracy, fast speed and low cost. So far, there are many NGS platforms involving different sequencing technologies.

Biopharmaceutical products, such as therapeutic proteins and vaccines, are produced by fermentation using either bacterial or eukaryotic cells. The cells used to produce biopharmaceuticals can be sources of a range of complex, heterogeneous, and potentially unsafe impurities, and host cell DNA is among these. The residual host cell DNA may result in tumors or adverse reactions.

Viral testing and clearance is an essential quality control procedure in manufacture process of drug and clinic products. Virus contamination is a terrible problem for which may cause bad effects on body, even severe illness. In order to eliminate this hazard, doing rigorous viral test and clearance is a nice choice.

Creative Biogene has established a number of mammalian cell lines to use for protein expression with the most common being CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) and HEK 293 (Human embryonic kidney). HEK 293 cells exhibit the highest level of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated transfection with 50–80% of cells showing green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, and are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins both by transient transfection and by the formation of stable cell lines. Other cell lines such as COS and Vero, HeLa, and NS0 have also been used for structural studies.

Creative Biogene offers high quality, fast turnaround and cost-effective Stable Cell Line Generation Service for protein expression, gene knockdown or genome editing that meet your specific research needs. Based on many years' experience on cell line development, Creative Biogene's cell culture scientists focus on optimizing all parameters specific to your cell lines to efficiently produce stable cell lines according to your requirements.

Genomic engineering in cell lines is a versatile tool for studying gene function, designing diseases models, biopharmaceutical research, drug discovery and many other applications. CRISPR (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 systems is a newly developed yet the most popular method for genome editing.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an enveloped, large linear and double-stranded DNA (~150 kb) virus in the family Herpesviridae. There are two HSV species: Herpes Simplex Virus Type I (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus Type II (HSV-2), both of which can infect humans and cause diseases.

Retroviral vectors are engineered to transfer and integrate target genetic material into the genomes of host cells. Retroviruses have several distinct advantages over other vectors, especially when permanent gene transfer is the preferred outcome. Some disadvantages of retroviruses are that they can only transduce dividing cells, and that they integrate somewhat arbitrarily into genome which has the potential to lead to oncogenesis.

Green fluorescence protein (GFP) is a 27 kDa protein derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which emits green light (emission peak at a wavelenth of 509 nm) when excited by blue light (excitation peak at a wavelenth of 395 nm). GFP has become an invaluable tool in cell biology research, since its intrinsic fluorescence can be visualized in living cells.

According to the upstream regulator of the reporter gene, reporter cell lines can be further divided into two groups: 1) Constitutive Reporter Cell Lines in which reporters are constitutively expressed under the control of a constitutive, strong promoter such as CMV promoter; and 2) Inducible Reporter Cell Lines in which reporters are inducibly expressed under the control of a minimal promoter fused to multiple inducer response elements.

Creative Biogene’s advanced technologies and highly experienced staffs are available to provide you a range of cDNA libraries construction service, including standard cDNA library, subtractive cDNA library, normalized cDNA library, full length cDNA library, yeast two-hybrid cDNA library and SSH cDNA library. Creative Biogene’s goal is to provide you with the most affordable and high-quality cDNA libraries construction service to ensure your satisfaction in a timely and professional manner.

Stable cell lines with specific gene over-expression or knock-down are very helpful in gene function analysis, target discovery, target validation, assay development, and compound screening. However, generation of stable cell lines is a time-consuming and expensive process.